• Urban climate regulation emerges as a central theme: greenspace extent, tree canopies, and reflective surfaces mitigate heat, balance radiation budgets, and reduce urban heat islands across cities, via microclimate studies and radiation balance sensitivity analyses [1], [4], [8], [9], [13], [14], [15], [19].

• Forest canopy structure and biodiversity underpin urban greening planning: tree-canopy metrics, urban forest landscapes, and patch-level species richness inform greenspace design across Hong Kong, Athens, and New Orleans, supporting biodiversity as an urban infrastructure objective [2], [3], [5], [6], [7], [17], [20].

• Design, governance, and infrastructure integration reveal how greening shapes urban form and mobility: street canyon solar access, pedestrian skywalks, and garden-city planning link green design to urban design, mobility, and policy frameworks [8], [16], [17], [18].

• Historical-theoretical trajectories situate urban greening within broader cultural imaginaries: origins of tree-lined boulevards, attachment to ordinary landscapes, utopian green cities, and green discourse articulate early concepts guiding later empirical work [6], [12], [15], [18], [20].